The circular economy is an alternative to the traditional linear economy, in which resources are used once and then discarded. In a circular economy, waste is designed out of the system, and materials are kept in use for as long as possible. Products are made from durable materials that can be easily repaired or recycled. When a product reaches the end of its life, it is dismantled, and its parts are used to make new products. The goal of the circular economy is to minimize waste, reduce environmental impact, and ensure that resources are used efficiently.

In the context of product development, the circular economy offers a more sustainable approach than the traditional linear model. In a linear system, products are designed for obsolescence and built from disposable components; they cannot be easily repaired or recycled when a product breaks. In contrast, products in a circular system are designed to last and made from modular components that can be reused or recycled; this allows products to be easily repaired or upgraded and limits the amount of waste generated. Ultimately, the circular economy is a more sustainable approach to product development that reduces environmental impact and conserves resources.

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