TRIZ (The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)

The theory of inventive problem solving, or "TRIZ", is a system for thinking outside the box that can be used to solve problems in any field. It was developed by Russian engineer Genrich Altshuller in the 1960s and has been used extensively since then to help inventors create new and better products. The theory is based on the idea that creativity involves breaking old patterns and forging new ones, which can be done using a variety of methods including brainstorming and reverse engineering.

The 40 principles of TRIZ are as follows:

• 1. Segmentation
• 2. Extraction (Taking out)
• 3. Local Quality
• 4. Asymmetry
• 5. Combination
• 6. Universality
• 7. Nesting
• 8. Counterweight (Anti-Weight)
• 9. Prior Counteraction
• 10. Prior Action
• 11. Cushion in Advance
• 12. Equipotentiality
• 13. Inversion (The Way Round)
• 14. Spheroidality
• 15. Dynamicity
• 16. Partial, overdone or excessive action
• 17. Moving to a new dimension
• 18. Mechanical vibration
• 19. Periodic action
• 20. Continuity of useful action
• 21. Rushing through
• 22. Convert harm into benefit
• 23. Feedback
• 24. Mediator
• 25. Self-service
• 26. Copying
• 27. Inexpensive short life
• 28. Replacement of a mechanical system
• 29. Use pneumatic or hydraulic systems
• 30. Flexible film or thin membranes
• 31. Use of porous materials
• 32. Changing the colour
• 33. Homogeneity
• 34. Rejecting and regenerating parts
• 35. Transforming physical or chemical states (Parameter change)
• 36. Phase transition
• 37. Thermal expansion
• 38. Use strong oxidisers
• 39. Inert environment
• 40. Composite materials